Territorial evolution of Canada

When Canada was formed in 1867 its provinces were a relatively narrow strip in the southeast, with vast territories in the interior. It grew by adding British Columbia in 1871, P.E.I. in 1873, the British Arctic Islands in 1880, and Newfoundland in 1949; meanwhile, its provinces grew both in size and number at the expense of its territories.
Animation of the evolution of the borders and names of Canada's provinces and territories

Canada became an independent nation in 1867 when three provinces of British North America were united to form the new nation. One of these colonies split into two new provinces, three other provinces joined later, and three new provinces were carved from the large interior of the country that was ceded to Canada by the United Kingdom soon after it formed. Before being part of British North America, the provinces that made up the new nation of Canada were part of the colonies of Canada and Acadia in New France, which were gradually ceded to Great Britain and the United Kingdom after defeat in several wars. The French influence lived on, as the French language was common in the initial provinces of Canada, and remains one of the two official languages of the country.

The central expanse of Canada was originally settled by the Hudson's Bay Company of the Kingdom of England, which had a royal monopoly over trade in the region; Rupert's Land was named after the company's first director, Prince Rupert of the Rhine. The North West Company later moved into a large portion of the region, and competition and minor hostilities between the two companies forced their merger. The western colony of British Columbia was for a time shared with the United States as Oregon Country, until the border was fixed at the 49th parallel north. French influence on the western regions of Canada was far less than in the east.

Since it was formed, Canada's external borders have changed seven times, and it has grown from four provinces to ten provinces and three territories. It has only lost territory in the small border dispute with the Dominion of Newfoundland over Labrador, which joined Canada some time later.

Contents

Notes

Timeline

Map of the Dominion of Canada on July 1, 1867, showing the nation's provinces of Ontario (southern portion only), Quebec (southern portion only), New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in the colour white
July 1, 1867

The Dominion of Canada was formed from three provinces of British North America: the Province of Canada, which was split into the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, and the colonies of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia.[1]

Map of the country of Canada on July 15, 1870, depicting the postage stamp sized province of Manitoba along with the provinces of Ontario (southern portion only), Quebec (southern portion only), New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in the colour white, Rupert's Land which comprises the lands draining into Hudson Bay and are depicted in the colour pink. The area called British Columbia, Newfoundland, Labrador, Alaska, and the northerly Islands are depicted in bluish grey colour, and are not a part of Canada.
July 15, 1870

The United Kingdom ceded most of its remaining land in North America to Canada, with Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory becoming the North-West Territories. The Rupert's Land Act 1868 transferred the region to Canada as of 1869, but it was only consummated in 1870 when £300,000 were paid to the Hudson's Bay Company. At this time, the Manitoba Act took effect, and a small square of the newly acquired region surrounding the city of Winnipeg was made the province of Manitoba.[2][3]

Map of the country of Canada on July 20, 1871, depicting the postage stamp sized province of Manitoba along with the provinces of Ontario (southern portion only), Quebec, New Brunswick, British Columbia and Nova Scotia in the colour white Northwest Territories which comprises the lands draining into Hudson Bay and are depicted in the colour pink. The area called Newfoundland, Labrador, Alaska, and the northerly Islands are depicted in bluish grey colour, and are not a part of Canada.
July 20, 1871

The British colony of British Columbia joined Canada as the sixth province.[4] British Columbia joined the Canadian confederation following the The Great Confederation Debates in the spring of 1870 and the Confederation Negotiations of the following summer and winter.[5]

Map of the country of Canada on July 1, 1873, depicting the postage stamp sized province of Manitoba along with the provinces of Ontario (southern portion only), Prince Edward Island, Quebec (southern portion only), New Brunswick, British Columbia and Nova Scotia in the colour white. The North-West Territories is depicted in the colour pink. The area called Newfoundland, Labrador, Alaska, and the northerly Islands are depicted in bluish grey colour, and are not a part of Canada.
July 1, 1873

The British colony of Prince Edward Island joined Canada as the seventh province by an Act of Parliament (and, as part of the terms of union, was guaranteed a ferry link, a term which was deleted upon completion of the Confederation Bridge in 1997).[6]

Map of the country of Canada on July 26, 1874, depicting the postage stamp sized province of Manitoba along with the provinces of Ontario northern border extended to the 51st parallel north, Prince Edward Island, Quebec (southern portion only), New Brunswick, British Columbia and Nova Scotia in the colour white. North-West Territories are depicted in the colour pink. The area called Newfoundland, Labrador, Alaska, and the northerly Islands are depicted in bluish grey colour, and are not a part of Canada.
July 26, 1874

The borders of Ontario were provisionally expanded north and west. When the Province of Canada was formed, its borders were not entirely clear, and Ontario claimed to eventually reach all the way to the Rocky Mountains and Arctic Ocean. With Canada's acquisition of Rupert's Land, Ontario was interested in clearly defining its borders, especially since some of the new areas it was interested in were rapidly growing. After the federal government asked Ontario to pay for construction in the new disputed area, the province asked for an elaboration on its limits, and its boundary was moved north to the 51st parallel north.[7][8]

Map of the country of Canada on April 12, 1876, depicting the postage stamp sized province of Manitoba along with the provinces of Ontario northern border extended to the 51st parallel north, Prince Edward Island, Quebec (southern portion only), New Brunswick, British Columbia and Nova Scotia, in the colour white, Rupert's Land now named the North-West Territories is separated by the District of Keewatin north of Manitoba. Territories are depicted in the colour pink. The area called Newfoundland, Labrador, Alaska, and the northerly Islands are depicted in bluish grey colour, and are not a part of Canada.
April 12, 1876

The District of Keewatin was created by the passage of the Keewatin Act on April 12, 1876 in a central separate strip from the North-West Territories, in order to provide government for the growing area north of Manitoba and west of Ontario.[9][10][11]

Map of the country of Canada on September 1, 1880, depicting the postage stamp sized province of Manitoba along with the provinces of Ontario northern border extended to the 51st parallel north, Prince Edward Island, Quebec (southern portion only), New Brunswick, British Columbia and Nova Scotia. Provinces are coloured white. Rupert's Land now named the North-West Territories is separated by the District of Keewatin north of Manitoba. Territories on the map are depicted in the colour pink; additionally now the northern arctic islands are a part of the NWT. The area called Newfoundland, Labrador, and Alaska are depicted in bluish grey colour, and are not a part of Canada.
September 1, 1880

The United Kingdom ceded its Arctic Islands to Canada, and they were made part of the North-West Territories.[12]

Map of the country of Canada on July 1, 1881, depicting the larger postage stamp sized province of Manitoba along with the provinces of Ontario northern border extended to the 51st parallel north, Prince Edward Island, Quebec (southern portion only), New Brunswick, British Columbia and Nova Scotia, in the colour white. The disputed area between Manitoba and Ontario is coloured black. Provinces are coloured white. Rupert's Land now named the North-West Territories and is divided by the slightly smaller District of Keewatin north of Manitoba (a postage sized province still) Territories are the colour pink; additionally now the northern arctic islands are a part of the NWT. The area called Newfoundland, Labrador, and Alaska are depicted in bluish grey colour, and are not a part of Canada.
July 1, 1881

Manitoba's borders were expanded to a larger postage stamp province taking land easterly from the District of Keewatin to the western boundary of Ontario. Since the province's eastern border was defined as the "western boundary of Ontario", the exact definition of which was still unclear, Ontario disputed a portion of the new region.[13]

Map of the country of Canada on May 7, 1886, depicting the larger postage stamp sized province of Manitoba along with the provinces of Ontario northern border extended to the 51st parallel north, Prince Edward Island, Quebec (southern portion only), New Brunswick, British Columbia and Nova Scotia, in the colour white. The disputed area between Manitoba and Ontario is coloured black. Provinces are coloured white. The North-West Territories is separate from the slightly smaller District of Keewatin north of Manitoba. Territories are depicted in the colour pink; additionally now the northern arctic islands are a part of the NWT. The District of Keewatin now has a geographically shaped border to encompass the eastern borders of the newly formed provisional districts of the NWT. The area called Newfoundland, Labrador, and Alaska are depicted in bluish grey colour, and are not a part of Canada.
May 7, 1886

The southwestern border of the District of Keewatin was adjusted to conform to the boundaries of the new provisional districts of the North-West Territories created in 1882, returning some land to the North-West Territories.[14] The provisional districts were, the District of Alberta, the District of Athabasca, District of Assiniboia and the District of Saskatchewan, which all remained administrative areas of the North-West Territories unlike the District of Keewatin.[3]

Map of the country of Canada on August 12, 1889, depicting the larger postage stamp sized province of Manitoba along with the provinces of Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec (southern portion only), New Brunswick, British Columbia and Nova Scotia, in the colour white. The disputed area between Manitoba and Ontario is resolved, Ontario expands west to the Lake of the Woods and north to the Albany River. The Northwest Territories is separate from the District of Keewatin and additionally the northern arctic islands are a part of the NWT. The District of Keewatin now has a geographically shaped border to encompass the eastern borders of the newly formed provisional districts of the NWT. The area called Newfoundland, Labrador, and Alaska are depicted in bluish grey colour, and are not a part of Canada.
August 12, 1889

The dispute between Manitoba and Ontario ended as Ontario's borders were finalized in accordance with the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889, which extended the province west to the Lake of the Woods and north to the Albany River.[15]

Map of the country of Canada on October 2, 1895, depicting the larger postage stamp sized province of Manitoba along with the provinces of Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec (southern portion only), New Brunswick, British Columbia and Nova Scotia, in the colour white. The disputed area between Manitoba and Ontario is resolved, Ontario expands west to the Lake of the Woods and north to the Albany River. The Northwest Territories is separate from the District of Keewatin north, and territories are depicted in the colour pink; additionally now the northern arctic islands are a part of the NWT. The District of Keewatin now has a geographically shaped border to encompass the eastern borders of the newly formed provisional districts of the NWT. The area called Newfoundland, Labrador, and Alaska are depicted in bluish grey colour, and are not a part of Canada.
October 2, 1895

Keewatin covered the portion of the North-West Territories north of Manitoba on the mainland, and all islands within Hudson, James, and Ungava Bays. The portion between the District of Keewatin, Ontario, and Hudson Bay was not in a district, and was assigned to the District of Keewatin by an Order of Council. Four additional provisional districts of the North-West Territories were formed, the District of Yukon, the District of Ungava, the District of Mackenzie, and the District of Franklin.[16][17]

1897

The borders of the District of Keewatin were adjusted.[18] Southampton Island, Coats Island, Mansel Island, Akimiski Island, and other islands were transferred to Keewatin.

alt=Map of the country of Canada on June 13, 1898, depicting the larger postage stamp sized province of Manitoba along with the provinces of Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, New Brunswick, British Columbia and Nova Scotia, in the colour white. The disputed area between Manitoba and Ontario is resolved, Ontario expands west to the Lake of the Woods and north to the Albany River. The North-West Territories is separate from the District of Keewatin. Territories are depicted in the colour pink; the northern arctic islands are a part of the NWT. The District of Keewatin now has a geographically shaped border to encompass the eastern borders of the newly formed provisional districts of the NWT. Yukon Territory is now formed from the NWT. The area called Newfoundland, Labrador, and Alaska are depicted in bluish grey colour, and are not a part of Canada.
June 13, 1898

Yukon Territory was created from the District of Yukon in the northwestern part of the North-West Territories, and the Quebec Boundary Extension Act, 1898 expanded the borders of Quebec north to the Eastmain River.[19]

Map of the country of Canada on May 23, 1901, depicting the larger postage stamp sized province of Manitoba along with the provinces of Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, New Brunswick, British Columbia and Nova Scotia, in the colour white. The disputed area between Manitoba and Ontario is resolved, Ontario expands west to the Lake of the Woods and north to the Albany River. The North-West Territories is separate from the District of Keewatin north of Manitoba. Territories are depicted in the colour pink; the northern arctic islands are a part of the NWT. The District of Keewatin now has a geographically shaped border to encompass the eastern borders of the newly formed provisional districts of the NWT. Yukon Territory is now formed from the NWT, and is expanded. The area called Newfoundland, Labrador, and Alaska are depicted in bluish grey colour, and are not a part of Canada.
May 23, 1901

The eastern border of Yukon Territory was adjusted to the Peel River, so that the borders would not cross a watershed, and also to include some more islands.[20]

October 20, 1903

The Alaska boundary dispute is resolved primarily in the favor of the United States.

Map of the country of Canada on September 1, 1905, depicting the larger postage stamp sized province of Manitoba along with the provinces of Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, New Brunswick, British Columbia and Nova Scotia, in the colour white. The disputed area between Manitoba and Ontario is resolved, Ontario expands west to the Lake of the Woods and north to the Albany River. Alberta and Saskatchewan provinces are added from land formerly the NWT. Provinces are coloured white. The North-West Territories is separate from the District of Keewatin north of Manitoba. Territories are depicted in the colour pink; the northern arctic islands are a part of the NWT. The District of Keewatin now has a geographically shaped border to encompass the eastern borders of the newly formed provisional districts of the NWT. Yukon Territory is now formed from the NWT, and is expanded. The area called Newfoundland, Labrador, and Alaska are depicted in bluish grey colour, and are not a part of Canada.
September 1, 1905

The provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan were created from the North-West Territories. Saskatchewan's western border and Alberta's eastern border run concurrent with the 4th meridian[A] or the 110°W longitude. Saskatchewan's eastern border is not a meridian, but instead follows a staircase-shaped Dominion Land Survey range line. Alberta's southern and northern borders are the same as Saskatchewan's: the southern border is the Canada – United States border or the 49th parallel and the northern border is the 60th parallel. Alberta's western border runs along peaks of the Rocky Mountain ridge then extends north to the 60th parallel.[21][21][22][23]

1906

The Northwest Territories Act was passed 1906, significantly removing the hyphen from the name of the territory.[24]

Map of the country of Canada on May 15, 1912, depicting the newly expanded provinces of Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec along with Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia, in the colour white. The Northwest Territories and the Yukon Territory are depicted in the colour pink. The area called Newfoundland, Labrador, and Alaska are depicted in bluish grey colour, and are not a part of Canada.
May 15, 1912

Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec were all expanded into their present-day boundaries. The Northwest Territories is now only situated north of the 60th parallel (except Hudson Bay and James Bay islands) with three districts, Keewatin, Mackenzie and Franklin.[24]

1915

Brock Island, Borden Island, and Mackenzie King Island are discovered and added to the Northwest Territories.

August 1916

Lougheed Island is discovered and annexed to Northwest Territories.

June 13, 1916

Meighen Island is discovered and annexed to Northwest Territories.

1925

The boundaries of the Northwest Territories expand, and they now extend north to the North Pole.[24]

Map of the country of Canada on March 11, 1927, depicting the provinces of Manitoba, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, New Brunswick, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia, in the colour white. The Northwest Territories and the Yukon Territory are depicted in the colour pink. The area called Newfoundland, Labrador, and Alaska are depicted in bluish grey colour, and are not a part of Canada. Labrador - Quebec boundary dispute resolves.
March 11, 1927

A British Privy Council of 1927 decided the issue of the border between Labrador and Quebec in Labrador's favour, transferring a small portion of land from Canada to the Dominion of Newfoundland.[25]

November 11, 1930

Sverdrup Islands are ceded to Canada by Norway, in exchange for British recognition of Norway's soveriegnty over Jan Mayen

1948

Air Force Island, Prince Charles Island, and Foley Island are discovered and added to Northwest Territories.

Map of the country of Canada on March 31, 1949, showing the new province Newfoundland and Labrador along with Manitoba, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, New Brunswick, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia, in the colour white. Ontario expands west to the Lake of the Woods and north to the Albany River. Provinces are coloured white. The Northwest Territories and the Yukon Territory are depicted in the colour pink. The area called Alaska is depicted in bluish grey colour, and is not a part of Canada.
March 31, 1949

The Dominion of Newfoundland and its dependency of Labrador joined as the tenth province, named Newfoundland as proclaimed by the British North America Act 1949.[26]

Canada provinces 1999-2001.png
April 1, 1999

The territory of Nunavut was created from the Northwest Territories. The provisional districts are no longer administrative areas of the Northwest Territories.[24]

Canada provinces 2001-2003.png
December 6, 2001

The province of Newfoundland was renamed Newfoundland and Labrador by the Constitution Amendment 2001 (Newfoundland and Labrador).[27]

Canada provinces 2003-present.png
April 1, 2003

The name of Yukon Territory became simply Yukon.[28]

See also


References

  1. ↑ "The Atlas of Canada - History of Canada – Territorial Evolution". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 09-02-06. http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/aboutus/100anniversary/carto_exhibit/terr_evo.html. Retrieved August 22, 2009. 
  2. ↑ Hall, David J. (2009). "North-West Territories, 1870-1905". The Canadian Encyclopedia > History > West & Northwest History. Historica Foundation of Canada.. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0005805. Retrieved August 22, 2009. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Moffat, Ben (2006). "Boundaries of Saskatchewan". Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Canadian Plains Research Center, University of Regina. http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/boundaries_of_saskatchewan.html. Retrieved August 22, 2009. 
  4. ↑ "Maps 1667-1999 - Canadian Confederation". Library and Archives Canada. Government of Canada. 005-05-02. http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/confederation/023001-2101-e.html. Retrieved August 22, 2009. 
  5. ↑ "British Columbia - Canadian Confederation". Library and Archives Canada. Government of Canada. August 9, 2006. http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/confederation/023001-2185-e.html. Retrieved August 22, 2009. 
  6. ↑ Bolger, Francis William Pius (1961). "Prince Edward Island and Confederation 1863-1873" (PDF). St. Dunstan's University, Charlottetwon CCHA Report 28 (1961) 25-30. University of Manitoba. http://www.umanitoba.ca/colleges/st_pauls/ccha/Back%20Issues/CCHA1961/Bolger.pdf. Retrieved August 22, 2009. 
  7. ↑ Mills, David (1877). Report on the Boundaries of the Province of Ontario. Toronto: Hunter, Rose & Co.. p. 347. http://books.google.com/books?id=BlYCAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s. 
  8. ↑ "Territorial Evolution, 1874". Natural Resources Canada > Atlas Home > Explore Our Maps > History > Territorial Evolution > Territorial Evolution, 1874. Government of Canada. March 18, 2009. http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/historical/territorialevolution/1874/1. Retrieved August 22, 2009. 
  9. ↑ "Keewatin". The Daily Free Press. December 1, 1876. p. 1. 
  10. ↑ "Who Named the North-Land?". Manitoba Free Press. August 19, 1876. p. 3. 
  11. ↑ "Keewatin.". Manitoba Free Press. April 1, 1876. p. 1. 
  12. ↑ "The Atlas of Canada - History of Canada – Territorial Evolution 1880". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 09-02-06. http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/historical/territorialevolution/1880/1. Retrieved August 22, 2009. 
  13. ↑ "Manitoba's Boundaries". Association of Manitoba Land Surveyors. Archived from the original on 2007-07-22. http://web.archive.org/web/20070722122047/http://www.amls.ca/Manitoba.htm. Retrieved August 18, 2009. 
  14. ↑ Report of the Dominion Fishery Commission on the Fisheries of the Province of Ontario. 1893. p. 36. http://books.google.com/books?id=WDtOAAAAMAAJ&q=may+1886+keewatin&dq=may+1886+keewatin&ei=g59bSoOrE4PYNaX68bUH&client=firefox-a. 
  15. ↑ Wikisource-logo.svg Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889 on Wikisource
  16. ↑ The Statesman's Year-Book. 1899. p. 223. http://books.google.com/books?id=XvYb0J0DVB4C&pg=PA223&dq=%22october+2+1895%22+keewatin&lr=&ei=yqVbSo25F4WQNvL5zPsJ&client=firefox-a. 
  17. ↑ "The Atlas of Canada - History of Canada – Territorial Evolution 1895". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 09-02-06. http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/historical/territorialevolution/1895/1. Retrieved August 22, 2009. 
  18. ↑ "The Atlas of Canada - History of Canada – Territorial Evolution 1897". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 09-02-06. http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/historical/territorialevolution/1897/1. Retrieved August 22, 2009. 
  19. ↑ Coates and Morrison, p.103
  20. ↑ Yukon Territory Act, S.C. 1901, chap. 41, section 14 ()
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Thomson, Malcolm M.; Tanner, Richard W. (04/1977). "Canada's Prime Meridian". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada 71: 204. 1977JRASC..71..204T. 
  22. ↑ Lewry, Marilyn (2006). "Boundary surveys". The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Canadian Plains Research Center, University of Regina. http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/boundary_surveys.html. Retrieved January 6, 2009. 
  23. ↑ "The Atlas of Canada - Territorial Evolution, 1905". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. April 6, 2004. http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/historical/territorialevolution/1905/1. Retrieved January 6, 2009. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 "History of the Name of the Northwest Territories - PWNHC". Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre. Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre. http://pwnhc.learnnet.nt.ca/research/nwtname/. Retrieved August 22, 2009. 
  25. ↑ "Les Dix Grand Mensonges". Henri Dorion discrédite les Dix Grand Mensonges sur la frontière du Labrador (Henri Dorion debunks the Ten Great Myths about the Labrador boundary). Québec—Assemblée Nationale—Première session, 34e Législature (Quebec—National Assembly—First Session, 34th Legislature). October 1, 1991. http://www.geocities.com/Yosemite/Rapids/3330/constitution/hdfr.htm. Retrieved August 25, 2009. 
  26. ↑ Webb, Jeff A. (January, 2003). "The Commission of Government, 1934-1949: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage". Memorial University of Newfoundland and the C.R.B. Foundation.. http://www.heritage.nf.ca/law/commission_gov.html. Retrieved August 25, 2009. 
  27. ↑ Adrienne Clarkson; Jean Chrétien, Anne McLellan, Brian Tobin (December 6, 2001 (web publication date 1 November 2004)). "Constitution Amendment, 2001 (Newfoundland and Labrador)" (published online by William F. Maton). http://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/cap_2001nl.html. Retrieved August 25, 2009. 
  28. ↑ Library and Archives Canada. "Yukon Territory name change to Yukon" (PDF). http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/040006/f2/040006-15-e.pdf. Retrieved July 14, 2009. 

Bibliography

Maple Leaf (from roundel).svg   Former colonies and territories in Canada
Norse
Named Territories: Vinland • Sites: L'Anse aux Meadows
French
Claims: New France (Acadia • Isle St-Jean • Île Royale • Canada • Terre Neuve) Important sites: Port Royal • Quebec •Trois-Rivières • Montreal • Louisbourg • Plaisance• List of towns • List of Forts
Spanish
Sites: Nootka Sound • Other: Expeditions
Scottish
Claims: Nova Scotia (1621) • Sites: Port Royal Colony
Russian
Claims: Russian America
American
Claims: Oregon Country
English &
British
Claims: Rupert's Land • Nova Scotia (1710) • Quebec • Lower and Upper Canada • New Brunswick • Prince Edward Island • Cape Breton • United Canada • New Caledonia • Columbia District • Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands • Colony of Vancouver Island • Colony of British Columbia • Stickeen Territories • North-Western Territory • Red River Colony • United Colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia • Important sites: Cuper's Cove • York Factory • Halifax • Victoria • Fort Langley • List of HBC sites
Related
Territorial evolution of Canada after 1867 • List of areas disputed by Canada and the United States • Proposals for new Canadian provinces and territories
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